The stress of a pandemic can serve as a good, not an ideal, litmus test for the integrity of a government. Ideologically governments are thought of as the equilibrium of freedom and equality, but on the ground governments are responsible for a whole lot of damage control. At a first glance it may seem that authoritarian governments would have the advantage in the matter seeing as though not only do they have the advantage of unitary decision making and cultures that are comfortable with the almighty grip of a centralized government. As the Los Angeles Times op-ed suggests, “Democracies are slow and chaotic. Autocracies are fast and coordinated.” But maybe speed is not the name of the game. The diverse civil societies and checks and balances in a democracy are lending themselves to greater innovation and adaptability in these challenging times. Slow and steady wins the race. Additionally the nuances of a bipartisan or multiparty system hold leadership accountable and set a certain standard of transparency which in the haze of this pandemic has been sorely lacking in authoritarian governments.
The article also nods towards the advantages of a social democracy in contrast to a liberal democracy in handling a pandemic. The welfare states of a social democracy often lead to further developed civil societies which play an important role in solving for emergencies. Furthermore there is a norm of respect for government in social democracies which leads to people being more compliant in measures to decelerating the spread (ex. voluntary contract chasing in Taiwan). Another common denominator of these social democracies that have seen great success is women in executive positions. As the popular Forbes article points out the majority countries that have best handled the pandemic have benefited from the leadership traits most present in women. But empathy and honesty are not traits uniquely or over present in women, but traits that are valued in the fabric of social democracies. The fact that there are these strong women executives beating a pandemic speaks to the themes of acceptance and progressiveness that would lead to the opportunity for a woman to be elected nevertheless on the ballot. Whether it be a yoga class or a sudden pandemic mindfulness seems to be the key in overcoming obstacles. It may be no surprise, but flexibility, time, and collaboration lead to the solutions and accountability that it takes to tackle something so unprecedented.
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Italy: Immigration in the Era of COVID-19 and Beyond
Earlier this year the world watched as COVID-19 devastatingly swept through Italy. At the time, Italy was the epi-center of the pandemic and was under the lens of many western cultures to learn from.
Only a few months earlier, before the world could even comprehend what a global pandemic would entail, a young, left-wing organization known as the Sardines, was protesting in piazzas over a politician who was not even in power. Matteo Salvini, the leader of the far-right, dominant party, the League, has become incredibly influential in Italy due to his anti-immigration and anti-muslim ideologies. Italians have embraced Salvini’s views towards immigrants, refugees, etc., and although the next Italian national election is a few years away, Salvini is expected to be the next prime minister.
Today, Italy has not forgotten their dark days with COVID-19, as it suffered a large fatality rate of 12.3% and has gradually opened with many precautions in place. Salvini has used his view on immigrants and how they have pertained to COVID-19 to continue his anti-immigrant agenda. Many areas of Italy, such as Sicily, are not accepting immigrants due to the fear imposed by the media that immigrants are allowing COVID-19 to flourish in Italy. However, only 3-5% of positive cases in Italy are due to migrants and refugees, unlike the 25% that is a result of tourism. Salvini has also called on his supporters to protest the arrival of immigrants at ports, stopping them from being able to get off their ships, instilling in them that immigrants are a great threat to Italians in terms of COVID-19. Salvini’s influence has played a massive role in the capacity in which centers can account for taking care of migrants as well. For example, centers used to receive roughly 35 euros a day per migrant, now they are only provided 19 euros a day. This cut in funds has had profound effects on refugee centers that are now overcrowded, dirty, and a place for COVID-19 to spread with little consideration on the wellbeing of migrants.
Italy’s prime minister is determined by being appointed by the party with the majority. In the coming years, it will be interesting to see if the League rises to be the majority in the government and if Salvini will be appointed to be the prime minister. Italians are eager to support Salvini’s anti-immigration views and have continued to do so in the era of COVID-19.
Credit: Fabio Bucciarelli from The New York Times (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/28/world/europe/coronavirus-italy-migrants.html)
Credit: The Independent, Statista (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/europe-immigration-most-anti-immigrant-countries-italy-france-germany-uk-a7460301.html)
Sources:
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/28/world/europe/coronavirus-italy-migrants.html
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/packing-into-piazzas-italys-sardines-are-demonstrating-against-a-politician-who-isnt-in-power/2019/12/22/007b78f2-211b-11ea-b034-de7dc2b5199b_story.html
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/09/refugees-italy-bear-brunt-coronavirus-angst-200906223712235.html
https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/The-legislature#ref258796
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